Malnutrition

Types of Vitamins
Deficiency

A
-formation of retinal pigment
-night blindness
-abnormal epithelia cell growth

B1 ( Thiamine)
-operates the metabolic system
-lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system
-weakens the heart and causes peripheral vasodilation
-gastrointestinal tract disturbances

Niacin (nicotinic acid)
-As coenzyme
-intense irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and GIT

B2 (Riboflavin)
-Operate as hydrogen carriers in important oxidative system
-severe dermatitis, vomiting diarrhea, muscle spasticity

B12
-pernicious anemia

Folic acid
-promote growth
-anemia

B6 (pyridoxine)
-coenzyme in transamination process for the synthesis of amino acid
-dermatitis
-decreased growth rate
-development of fatty liver
-Anemia
-mental deterioration

C (Ascorbic acid)
-weakens collagen fibres
-scurvy

D
-increases calcium absorption
-decrease calcium adsorption

E
-antisterility vitamin
-prevent oxidation of unsaturated fats
-degeneration of germinal epithelium in the testis
-prevent normal growth
-unsaturated fats diminishes

K
-formation of liver prothrombin
-blood clotting is retarded


Mineral metabolism : Types of minerals
Deficiency

Magnesium
-increased irritability of nervous system, peripheral vasodilation

Calcium
-osteoporosis

Iron
-decreased formation of haemoglobin

Iodine
-Goiter

Zinc
-growth retardation
-low blood sugar
-poor bone growth

Fluorine
-tooth decay